Assessment of the exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in users of various tobacco/nicotine products by suitable urinary biomarkers
Arch Toxicol. 2022 Aug 1. doi: 10.1007/s00204-022-03349-4. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) occur naturally (bitumen and oils) and are formed during all incomplete combustions of organic materials. PAH exposure sources are manifold and include specific workplaces, ambient air, various foodstuffs, tobacco smoke and some medications. At least four members of this …